ADEGOKE_HW5
Abimbola
2022-10-30
The main aim of the task is to import data into R, perform brief explanatory analysis, build at least one plot
Export data using R Markdown and ‘knit’ by creating an html.file
1. Go to https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat and create a data set you want to explore. Import the data into R.
#installing the required packages
#install.packages(“stats”)
#install.packages(“dplyr”)
#Importing and storing the dataset in mydata
#Loading the required libraries (library function helps to invoke the content of the packages)
library(stats)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionImporting my dataset()
Data analysis and graph plotting will cover between 2008 and 2010.
mydata<-read.csv("C:/Users/oladayo/Desktop/School Work/My R Project/Abimbola/test.csv")
mydata## Type.of.broadcast
## 1 Broadcasts total (excluding advertising)
## 2 ..own production
## 3 ..repeat transmissions
## 4 ..broadcasts for children
## 5 ..broadcasts for youth
## 6 News
## 7 Informative broadcasts
## 8 Educational broadcasts
## 9 Broadcasts of human interest
## 10 Cultural and scientific broadcasts
## 11 Religious broadcasts
## 12 Music broadcasts
## 13 Sports broadcasts
## 14 ..competitions
## 15 Infotainment
## 16 Entertainment
## 17 ..TV-games
## 18 ..TV-competitions
## 19 Fiction
## 20 ..full-length feature films
## 21 ..TV-plays and series
## 22 ..animation cartoons
## 23 ..telefilms
## 24 ..transmissions of theatre performances
## 25 Other broadcasts
## X2008.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2008.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 880 100.0
## 2 381 43.3
## 3 305 34.7
## 4 40 4.5
## 5 135 15.4
## 6 84 9.6
## 7 35 4.0
## 8 4 0.5
## 9 71 8.1
## 10 23 2.6
## 11 1 0.1
## 12 137 15.5
## 13 89 10.1
## 14 69 7.9
## 15 20 2.3
## 16 95 10.8
## 17 3 0.4
## 18 3 0.4
## 19 308 35.0
## 20 101 11.4
## 21 137 15.6
## 22 27 3.1
## 23 13 1.5
## 24 1 0.1
## 25 12 1.4
## X2009.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2009.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 939 100.0
## 2 411 43.8
## 3 342 36.4
## 4 34 3.6
## 5 45 4.8
## 6 58 6.2
## 7 23 2.4
## 8 7 0.7
## 9 63 6.7
## 10 17 1.8
## 11 1 0.1
## 12 237 25.2
## 13 17 1.8
## 14 11 1.2
## 15 28 3.0
## 16 103 11.0
## 17 2 0.2
## 18 4 0.4
## 19 372 39.6
## 20 112 11.9
## 21 186 19.8
## 22 31 3.3
## 23 15 1.6
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 13 1.4
## X2010.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2010.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 921 100.0
## 2 312 33.9
## 3 356 38.6
## 4 31 3.4
## 5 56 6.1
## 6 62 6.7
## 7 24 2.6
## 8 6 0.7
## 9 68 7.3
## 10 20 2.2
## 11 1 0.2
## 12 235 25.5
## 13 21 2.3
## 14 16 1.7
## 15 20 2.2
## 16 92 10.0
## 17 2 0.2
## 18 4 0.5
## 19 354 38.4
## 20 102 11.1
## 21 184 20.0
## 22 24 2.6
## 23 13 1.4
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 11 1.1
## X2011.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2011.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 889 100.0
## 2 253 28.5
## 3 532 59.8
## 4 32 3.6
## 5 38 4.2
## 6 68 7.7
## 7 27 3.1
## 8 8 0.9
## 9 79 8.9
## 10 34 3.8
## 11 4 0.4
## 12 120 13.4
## 13 23 2.6
## 14 11 1.3
## 15 38 4.2
## 16 110 12.4
## 17 2 0.2
## 18 3 0.3
## 19 368 41.4
## 20 102 11.5
## 21 174 19.5
## 22 34 3.8
## 23 25 2.8
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 10 1.2
## X2012.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2012.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 943 100.0
## 2 254 28.6
## 3 526 59.1
## 4 33 3.7
## 5 38 4.3
## 6 86 9.6
## 7 30 3.3
## 8 9 1.0
## 9 105 11.8
## 10 33 3.7
## 11 5 0.6
## 12 121 13.6
## 13 21 2.4
## 14 12 1.3
## 15 28 3.1
## 16 105 11.8
## 17 5 0.6
## 18 3 0.4
## 19 383 43.1
## 20 101 11.3
## 21 195 22.0
## 22 35 3.9
## 23 29 3.2
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 18 2.0
## X2013.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2013.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 953 100.0
## 2 271 28.4
## 3 450 47.2
## 4 91 9.5
## 5 31 3.3
## 6 78 8.2
## 7 42 4.4
## 8 6 0.6
## 9 101 10.6
## 10 32 3.4
## 11 4 0.4
## 12 130 13.6
## 13 17 1.8
## 14 10 1.0
## 15 21 2.2
## 16 98 10.3
## 17 4 0.4
## 18 5 0.5
## 19 419 44.0
## 20 99 10.4
## 21 178 18.7
## 22 94 9.9
## 23 22 2.3
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 4 0.4
## X2014.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2014.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 968 100.0
## 2 261 27.0
## 3 452 46.7
## 4 105 10.8
## 5 37 3.8
## 6 78 8.1
## 7 38 3.9
## 8 13 1.3
## 9 78 8.1
## 10 17 1.8
## 11 3 0.3
## 12 121 12.5
## 13 22 2.3
## 14 14 1.4
## 15 25 2.6
## 16 102 10.5
## 17 2 0.2
## 18 7 0.7
## 19 452 46.7
## 20 118 12.2
## 21 174 18.0
## 22 114 11.8
## 23 19 2.0
## 24 2 0.2
## 25 18 1.9
## X2015.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2015.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 907 100.0
## 2 170 18.7
## 3 400 44.1
## 4 97 10.7
## 5 63 6.9
## 6 53 5.8
## 7 19 2.1
## 8 2 0.2
## 9 55 6.1
## 10 14 1.5
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 107 11.8
## 13 18 2.0
## 14 15 1.7
## 15 23 2.5
## 16 92 10.1
## 17 2 0.2
## 18 7 0.8
## 19 521 57.4
## 20 209 23.0
## 21 161 17.8
## 22 105 11.6
## 23 15 1.7
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 4 0.4
## X2016.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2016.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1038 100.0
## 2 311 30.0
## 3 428 41.2
## 4 118 11.4
## 5 29 2.8
## 6 82 7.9
## 7 23 2.2
## 8 1 0.1
## 9 72 6.9
## 10 12 1.2
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 172 16.6
## 13 19 1.8
## 14 15 1.4
## 15 21 2.0
## 16 74 7.1
## 17 1 0.1
## 18 4 0.4
## 19 546 52.6
## 20 259 25.0
## 21 148 14.3
## 22 118 11.4
## 23 10 1.0
## 24 1 0.1
## 25 15 1.4
## X2017.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2017.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1063 100.0
## 2 439 41.3
## 3 395 37.2
## 4 127 11.9
## 5 30 2.8
## 6 105 9.9
## 7 43 4.0
## 8 1 0.1
## 9 54 5.1
## 10 11 1.0
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 172 16.2
## 13 23 2.2
## 14 12 1.1
## 15 28 2.6
## 16 90 8.5
## 17 0 0.0
## 18 2 0.2
## 19 526 49.5
## 20 228 21.4
## 21 95 8.9
## 22 182 17.1
## 23 13 1.2
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 10 0.9
## X2018.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2018.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1080 100.0
## 2 415 38.4
## 3 333 30.8
## 4 150 13.9
## 5 61 5.6
## 6 50 4.6
## 7 47 4.4
## 8 46 4.3
## 9 34 3.1
## 10 15 1.4
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 152 14.1
## 13 26 2.4
## 14 24 2.2
## 15 25 2.3
## 16 114 10.6
## 17 22 2.0
## 18 4 0.4
## 19 555 51.4
## 20 193 17.9
## 21 105 9.7
## 22 163 15.1
## 23 11 1.0
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 16 1.5
## X2019.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2019.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1180 100.0
## 2 352 29.8
## 3 357 30.3
## 4 166 14.1
## 5 49 4.2
## 6 57 4.8
## 7 51 4.3
## 8 2 0.2
## 9 70 5.9
## 10 15 1.3
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 150 12.7
## 13 16 1.4
## 14 15 1.3
## 15 31 2.6
## 16 113 9.6
## 17 0 0.0
## 18 3 0.3
## 19 660 55.9
## 20 208 17.6
## 21 167 14.2
## 22 166 14.1
## 23 18 1.5
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 14 1.2
## X2020.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2020.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1147 100.0
## 2 248 21.6
## 3 467 40.7
## 4 152 13.3
## 5 47 4.1
## 6 48 4.2
## 7 101 8.8
## 8 1 0.1
## 9 35 3.1
## 10 12 1.0
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 247 21.5
## 13 13 1.1
## 14 6 0.5
## 15 48 4.2
## 16 116 10.1
## 17 0 0.0
## 18 3 0.3
## 19 481 41.9
## 20 178 15.5
## 21 121 10.5
## 22 115 10.0
## 23 5 0.4
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 45 3.9
## X2021.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes X2021.Share.of.broadcasts...
## 1 1139 100.0
## 2 197 17.3
## 3 355 31.2
## 4 168 14.7
## 5 41 3.6
## 6 43 3.8
## 7 63 5.5
## 8 1 0.1
## 9 28 2.5
## 10 9 0.8
## 11 0 0.0
## 12 180 15.8
## 13 80 7.0
## 14 12 1.1
## 15 42 3.7
## 16 91 8.0
## 17 0 0.0
## 18 2 0.2
## 19 536 47.1
## 20 175 15.4
## 21 174 15.3
## 22 100 8.8
## 23 5 0.4
## 24 0 0.0
## 25 68 6.0#To evaluate the structure of the data
str(mydata)## 'data.frame': 25 obs. of 29 variables:
## $ Type.of.broadcast : chr "Broadcasts total (excluding advertising)" "..own production" "..repeat transmissions" "..broadcasts for children" ...
## $ X2008.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 880 381 305 40 135 84 35 4 71 23 ...
## $ X2008.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 43.3 34.7 4.5 15.4 9.6 4 0.5 8.1 2.6 ...
## $ X2009.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 939 411 342 34 45 58 23 7 63 17 ...
## $ X2009.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 43.8 36.4 3.6 4.8 6.2 2.4 0.7 6.7 1.8 ...
## $ X2010.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 921 312 356 31 56 62 24 6 68 20 ...
## $ X2010.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 33.9 38.6 3.4 6.1 6.7 2.6 0.7 7.3 2.2 ...
## $ X2011.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 889 253 532 32 38 68 27 8 79 34 ...
## $ X2011.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 28.5 59.8 3.6 4.2 7.7 3.1 0.9 8.9 3.8 ...
## $ X2012.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 943 254 526 33 38 86 30 9 105 33 ...
## $ X2012.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 28.6 59.1 3.7 4.3 9.6 3.3 1 11.8 3.7 ...
## $ X2013.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 953 271 450 91 31 78 42 6 101 32 ...
## $ X2013.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 28.4 47.2 9.5 3.3 8.2 4.4 0.6 10.6 3.4 ...
## $ X2014.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 968 261 452 105 37 78 38 13 78 17 ...
## $ X2014.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 27 46.7 10.8 3.8 8.1 3.9 1.3 8.1 1.8 ...
## $ X2015.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 907 170 400 97 63 53 19 2 55 14 ...
## $ X2015.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 18.7 44.1 10.7 6.9 5.8 2.1 0.2 6.1 1.5 ...
## $ X2016.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1038 311 428 118 29 82 23 1 72 12 ...
## $ X2016.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 30 41.2 11.4 2.8 7.9 2.2 0.1 6.9 1.2 ...
## $ X2017.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1063 439 395 127 30 105 43 1 54 11 ...
## $ X2017.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 41.3 37.2 11.9 2.8 9.9 4 0.1 5.1 1 ...
## $ X2018.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1080 415 333 150 61 50 47 46 34 15 ...
## $ X2018.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 38.4 30.8 13.9 5.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.1 1.4 ...
## $ X2019.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1180 352 357 166 49 57 51 2 70 15 ...
## $ X2019.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 29.8 30.3 14.1 4.2 4.8 4.3 0.2 5.9 1.3 ...
## $ X2020.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1147 248 467 152 47 48 101 1 35 12 ...
## $ X2020.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 21.6 40.7 13.3 4.1 4.2 8.8 0.1 3.1 1 ...
## $ X2021.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes: int 1139 197 355 168 41 43 63 1 28 9 ...
## $ X2021.Share.of.broadcasts... : num 100 17.3 31.2 14.7 3.6 3.8 5.5 0.1 2.5 0.8 ...2. Prepare EDA (Explanatory Data Analysis). Write at least 5 questions and provide your answers during the first stage of EDA.
Data summarization
#Preparing a dataset for the Duration of broadcasts and Share of broadcasts for 2008
Db2008 = mydata$X2008.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes
SB2008 = mydata$X2008.Share.of.broadcasts...Question 1: What metadata is available?
The data is from - KU138: Mean Daily Duration of Broadcasting per TV-Broadcaster by Type of Broadcast - a subdivision of broadcasting and culture in the culture dataset.
Question 2: Observed population and reference period
There are 25 observations and 29 variables with data comparison of duration of broadcast and share of broadcast between the year 2008 and 2021
Question 3: What are the data types of the variables?
The datatypes include characters, integers and numbers
Question 4: Are there any outliers?
Graphs plotted below show that there are a few outliers in the duration of broadcast in 2008 as well as share of broadcast in 2008. In 2009 as well, there are two outliers each in both duration of broadcast and share of broadcast.
Question 5: central Tendencies
calculating the mean
mean(Db2008) #118.96## [1] 118.96mean(SB2008) #13.532## [1] 13.532Calculating the median
median(Db2008) #69## [1] 69median(SB2008) #7.9## [1] 7.9calculating the mode
mode = function(x){
ta = table(x)
tam = max(ta)
if(all(ta == tam))
mod = NA
else
if(is.numeric(x))
mod = as.numeric(names(ta)[ta == tam])
else
mod = names(ta)[ta == tam]
return(mod)
}
mode(Db2008) # 1 3 137## [1] 1 3 137mode(SB2008)# 0.1 0.4## [1] 0.1 0.4Measuring the variability
calculating the standard Deviation
sd(Db2008) # 189.1057## [1] 189.1057sd(SB2008) #21.48485## [1] 21.48485calculating IQR
quantile(Db2008) # 1 13 69 135 880## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 1 13 69 135 880quantile(SB2008)# 0.1 1.5 7.9 15.4 100.0## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 0.1 1.5 7.9 15.4 100.03. Provide brief descriptive statistical analysis of your data set (like measures of central tendency and dispersion).
calculating variance where standard deviation measures how much data values are deviated from mean
var(Db2008) #35760.96## [1] 35760.96var(SB2008) #461.5989## [1] 461.59894. Include at least one plot into your report. If ggplot2 is too complicated for you now, create a plot with R base functions.
numeric Data Barplot
hist(Db2008)
hist(SB2008)
categorical Data - Barplot
table(Db2008)## Db2008
## 1 3 4 12 13 20 23 27 35 40 69 71 84 89 95 101 135 137 305 308
## 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 381 880
## 1 1table(SB2008)## SB2008
## 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.6 3.1 4 4.5 7.9 8.1 9.6 10.1 10.8 11.4
## 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 15.4 15.5 15.6 34.7 35 43.3 100
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1barplot(table(Db2008))
barplot(table(SB2008))
Data Summarization
Db2009 = mydata$X2009.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes
SB2009 = mydata$X2009.Share.of.broadcasts...Central Tendencies
calculating the mean
mean(Db2009) #122.92## [1] 122.92mean(SB2009) #13.084## [1] 13.084Calculating the median
median(Db2009) #31## [1] 31median(SB2009) #3.3## [1] 3.3calculating the mode
mode = function(x){
ta = table(x)
tam = max(ta)
if(all(ta == tam))
mod = NA
else
if(is.numeric(x))
mod = as.numeric(names(ta)[ta == tam])
else
mod = names(ta)[ta == tam]
return(mod)
}
mode(Db2009) # 2 17## [1] 2 17mode(SB2009) #0.2 1.8## [1] 0.2 1.8Measuring the variability
calculating the standard Deviation
sd(Db2009) #209.7747## [1] 209.7747sd(SB2009) #22.3417## [1] 22.3417calculating iQR
quantile(Db2009) # 1 13 31 112 939## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 1 13 31 112 939quantile(SB2009) # 0.1 1.4 3.3 11.9 100.0## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 0.1 1.4 3.3 11.9 100.03. Provide brief descriptive statistical analysis of your data set (like measures of central tendency and dispersion).
calculating variance where standard deviation measures how much data values are deviated from mean
var(Db2009) #44005.41## [1] 44005.41var(SB2009) #499.1514## [1] 499.15144. Include at least one plot into your report. If ggplot2 is too complicated for you now, create a plot with R base functions.
numeric Data Barplot
hist(Db2009)
hist(SB2009)
categorical Data - Barplot
table(Db2009)## Db2009
## 1 2 4 7 11 13 15 17 23 28 31 34 45 58 63 103 112 186 237 342
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 372 411 939
## 1 1 1table(SB2009)## SB2009
## 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.4 3 3.3 3.6 4.8 6.2 6.7 11
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 11.9 19.8 25.2 36.4 39.6 43.8 100
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1barplot(table(Db2009))
barplot(table(SB2009))
### Preparing a dataset Duration of broadcasts and Share of broadcasts
for 2010
Data Summarization
Db2010 = mydata$X2010.Duration.of.broadcasts..minutes
SB2010 = mydata$X2010.Share.of.broadcasts...Central Tendencies
calculating the mean
mean(Db2010) #117.48## [1] 117.48mean(SB2010) #12.756## [1] 12.756Calculating the median
median(Db2010) #24## [1] 24median(SB2010) #2.6## [1] 2.6calculating the mode
mode = function(x){
ta = table(x)
tam = max(ta)
if(all(ta == tam))
mod = NA
else
if(is.numeric(x))
mod = as.numeric(names(ta)[ta == tam])
else
mod = names(ta)[ta == tam]
return(mod)
}
mode(Db2010) # 2 20 24## [1] 2 20 24mode(SB2010) #0.2## [1] 0.2Measuring the variability
calculating the standard Deviation
sd(Db2010) #201.6714## [1] 201.6714sd(SB2010)#21.89146## [1] 21.89146calculating iQR
quantile(Db2009) # 1 13 24 102 921## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 1 13 31 112 939quantile(SB2009) # 0.2 1.4 2.6 11.1 100.0## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 0.1 1.4 3.3 11.9 100.03. Provide brief descriptive statistical analysis of your data set (like measures of central tendency and dispersion).
calculating variance where standard deviation measures how much data values are deviated from mean
var(Db2010) #40671.34## [1] 40671.34var(SB2010) #479.2359## [1] 479.23594. Include at least one plot into your report. If ggplot2 is too complicated for you now, create a plot with R base functions.
numeric Data Barplot
hist(Db2010)
hist(SB2010)
categorical Data - Barplot
table(Db2010)## Db2010
## 1 2 4 6 11 13 16 20 21 24 31 56 62 68 92 102 184 235 312 354
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 356 921
## 1 1table(SB2010)## SB2010
## 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.6 3.4 6.1 6.7 7.3 10 11.1 20
## 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 25.5 33.9 38.4 38.6 100
## 1 1 1 1 1barplot(table(Db2010))
barplot(table(SB2010))